A Comparative Study between Theological Views of Sheikh Bahai and Khajuyi on the Superiority of the Quran Based on Treatise Tabsrah al-Ekhwan

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Quran and Hadith, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of National Library Documentation Organization, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Quran, Hadith, Arabic Language and Literature, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The Safavid era is a period of flourishing and promoting theological discussions responding to new doubts and criticizing views on various topics, including the narration of Thaghalayn (the two treasures) about the superiority of the Quran and Ahl al-Bayt (the household of the Prophet), which led to the writing of different treatises. The treatise of Tabsarah al-Ekhwan fi Bayan Akbariyah al-Quran by Khajuyi is about the motewater (successive) narrations of Thaghalayn, emphasizing the superiority and greatness of the Quran over Ahl al-Bayt as the major treasure expressing the opinions of scholars and answering their doubts. Based on the aforementioned treatise, we have tried to compare the views of Sheikh Bahai and Khajuyi. Sheikh Bahai says that in terms of literature and rhetorical techniques, the major and minor treasures expressed irrespectively in these narrations are ambiguous and not motewater. The meaning of the Quran Nategh (speaking Quran) is the same as kalam nategh (speaking words). So nategh has superiority over samet (silent). On the other hand, Khajuyi sees no reason for the major and minor treasures to be expressed irrespectively and ambiguously. He proves the tawator (frequency) of these narrations and considers the Quran as the major treasure and the speakers of the Quran as its interpreters. Khajuyi also believes that what guides and is followed is superior to what is a follower and needs to be guided.

Keywords


The Holy Quran
Agha Bozorg Tehrani, Mohammad Hasan. 2009. Tabaghat Alam al-Shiah (Classes of Shiite Dignitaries), Beirut: Arab Heritage Revival House. [in Arabic]
Amin, Mohsen. 1983. Ayan al-Shiah (The Shiite Luminaries), n.p: Al-Taarof House. [in Arabic]
Ayyashi, Mohammad ibn Masud. 1961. Tafsir al-Ayyashi, Edited by Hashem Rasuli Mahallati, Tehran: Scientific Library. [in Arabic]
Bahayi Aameli, Baha al-Din Mohammad ibn al-Hosayn. 1637. Sharh al-Faraez al-Nasiriyah, Manuscript, Tehran: Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. [in Arabic]
Bahayi Aameli, Baha al-Din Mohammad ibn al-Hosayn. 1873. Wajizah fi al-Derayah, Manuscript, Transcribed by Mohammad ibn Zayn al-Abedin Musawi, Tehran: Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. [in Arabic]
Bahrani, Hashem ibn Solayman. 1955. Al-Borhan fi Tafsir al-Quran (Argument in the Interpretation of the Quran), Researcher: Bethah Foundation, Islamic Research Unit, Qom: Islamic Studies Department of the Bethah Foundation. [in Arabic]
Bahrani, Hashem ibn Solayman. n.d. Ghayah al-Maram wa Hojjah al-Khesam fi Tain al-Imam men Tarigh al-Khas wa al-Aam, Researched by Ali Ashur, Beirut: Arab History Foundation. [in Arabic]
Fayyaz Lahiji, Abd al-Razzagh. 2004. Gohar Morad, Tehran: Shadow. [in Farsi]
Feyz Kashani, Mohammad ibn Shah Morteza. 1998. Elm al-Yaghin fi Osul al-Din (Knowledge of Certainty on the Principles of Religion), Qom: Bidar. [in Arabic]
Feyz Kashani, Molla Mohsen. 1986. Al-Wafi, Isfahan: Amir al-Momenin Library. [in Arabic]
Ghasemi, Rahim. 2010. Mashahir Takht Fulad (Dignitaries of Takht Fulad), Isfahan: Isfahan Municipality. [in Farsi]
Helli, Hasan ibn Solayman ibn Mohammad. 2001. Mokhtasar Basaer al-Darajat (Summary of the Book Visions of Degrees), Qom: Islamic Publishing Foundation, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Hemmasi Razi, Sadid al-Din. 1992. Al-Monghez men al-Taghlid (Savior from Imitation), Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute. [in Arabic]
Horr Aameli, Mohammad ibn Hasan. 1989. Tafsil Wasael al-Shiah ela Tahsil Masael al-Shariah (The Means of the Shiites to Achieve the Issues of Sharia), Qom: Al al-Bayt Foundation for the Revival of Heritage. [in Arabic]
Ibn Betrigh, Yahya ibn al-Hasan. 1987. Omdah Oyun Sehah al-Akhbar fi Managheb al-Emam al-Abrar (Main Authentic Narrations on the Virtues of the Imam of the Righteous), Qom: Islamic Publishing Foundation. [in Arabic]
Ibn Hajar Asghalani, Ahmad ibn Ali. 1963. Fazael al-Quran (Virtues of the Quran), Beirut: Al-Helal Publishing House. [in Arabic]
Iji, Mir Seyyed Sharif. 1907. Sharh al-Mawaghef, Qom: Al-Sharif al-Razi. [in Arabic]
Imam Ali ibn al-Hosayn. 2004. Al-Sahifah al-Sajjadiyah, Translated by Seyyed Jafar Hoseyni, Qom: Al-Thaghalayn House, Second Edition. [in Farsi]
Khafri, Mohammad ibn Ahmad. 2003. Talighah bar Elahiyat Sharh Tajrid, Tehran: Written Heritage Research Center. [in Arabic]
Khajuyi, Molla Ismail ibn Mohammad .n.d. Tabsarah al-Ekhwan fi Bayan Akbariyah al-Quran, Manuscript 3023, Library of the Grand Ayatollah Marashi Najafi. [in Arabic]
Kolayni, Mohammad ibn Yaghub. 1987. Osul Kafi, Translated by Seyyed Jawad Mostafawi, Tehran: Wali Asr. [in Farsi]
Majlesi, Mohammad Bagher. 1944. Merat al-Oghul fi Sharh Akhbar Al al-Rasul (Mirror of Intellects in the Explanation of the Narrations of the Prophet's Family), Tehran: Islamic Books Institute. [in Arabic]
Majlesi, Mohammad Bagher. 1983. Behar al-Anwar (Oceans of Lights), Beirut: al-Wafa Institute. [in Arabic]
Marefat, Mohammad Hadi. 2007. Al-Tamhid fi Olum al-Quran (Introduction to the Quranic Sciences), Qom: Al-Tamhid Publishing Cultural Institute. [in Arabic]
Motahhari, Morteza. 2004. Majmueh Athar (Collection of Works), Qom: Sadra. [in Farsi]
Nasir al-Din Tusi, Mohammad ibn Hasan. 2002. Alaghah al-Tajrid; Sharh Farsi Tajrid al-Eteghad, Tehran: Association of Cultural Works and Luminaries. [in Farsi]
Nasrabadi, Mohammad Taher. 1999. Tazkerah Nasrabadi, Tehran: Asatir.
Qomi, Ali ibn Ibrahim. 1984. Tafsir Qomi, Qom: House of Book. [in Arabic]
Shairi, Taj al-Din Mohammad ibn Mohammad. 1984. Jame al-Akhbar (Corpus of Narrations), Qom: Razi, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Sharif Razi, Mohammad ibn Hosayn. 2000. Nahj al-Balaghah, Translated by Mohammad Dashti, Qom: Knowledge, First Edition. [in Farsi]
Shushtari, Nurollah ibn Sharaf al-Din. 1988. Al-Sawarem al-Mohraghah fi Radd al-Sawaegh al-Mohraghah le Ibn Hajar al-Heythami, Tehran: Al-Nahzah Press. [in Arabic]
Shushtari, Nurollah ibn Sharaf al-Din. 1998. Majales al-Momenin (Circles of the Faithful), Tehran: Islamiyah Books House. [in Farsi]
Siyuti, Jalal al-Din. 1974. Al-Etghan fi Olum al-Quran (Mastery in the Sciences of the Quran), Cairo: Egyptian Committee. [in Arabic]
Tabarsi, Ahmad ibn Ali. 1967. Ehtejaj (The Argument), Edited by Mohammad Bagher Musawi Khersan, Najaf: Al-Noman House. [in Arabic]
Taftazani, Sad al-Din. 1989. Sharh al-Maghased (Explanation of Intentions), Qom: Al-Sharif al-Razi. [in Arabic]
Tusi, Mohammad ibn Hasan. 1994. Al-Amali, Researched & Edited by Al-Bethah Institute, Qom: House of Culture. [in Arabic]